At the core of policy formulation and implementation processes lies the need to have diverse groups of stakeholders to make relevant input into the policymaking process. Policymaking is thus not only a preserve of the government, normally set within the framework of the top-bottom approach but rather the contemporary environment contends that for policy formulation and implementation to be successful, a bottom-up approach is critical, as it endeavors to undertake a wider consultative process that enriches the entire process.
In many parts of Africa, policymaking has been constrained by the disproportionally low representation and participation of women in policymaking spaces. This means that the views of women, which could be critical in understanding key issues and challenges that women face and how these can best be addressed at policy levels, will be lacking. Gender-responsive ICT policies imply policies must equally address the challenges of connectivity and take into account the needs, values, and perspectives of diverse groups of people, including women. Meaningful access – including control over ICTs as a productive and key resource – is crucial to advancing the status of women and girls.
Decision-making processes must ensure that women actively participate and that women’s central issues get fully discussed in such forums. Gender-responsive programming at government ministries, agencies, and departments should also ensure that gender norms, inequalities and stereotypes must be considered in such processes – but more importantly, measures must be taken to address them in more substantive forms. The Women of Uganda Network (WOUGNET) over the years has championed the need to increase and build the capacity of women in ICT policy and decision making processes for the realization of women’s rights. Part of this initiative has seen WOUGNET and APC train more than 14 Ugandan women and men in Gender and Internet Governance eXchanges (gigX) in addition to their active participation in the African School on Internet Governance (AfriSIG), which prepare them to eventually engage with practitioners in the African and global Internet Governance Forum (IGF) spaces.
At the most recent Forum on Internet Freedom in Africa (FIFAfrica), a debate ensued among women’s rights activists in one of the panels of experts on “gender-responsive policy models”, especially on the relevance of this engagement at the local, national and global levels. The panel of experts that were involved included organizations such as APC, the World Wide Web Foundation, Research ICT Africa, WOUGNET, and Paradigm Initiative Nigeria, who investigated, among other issues, why policies must be gender-responsive, the gender digital gap, and universal access plans, including key lessons learned and the vision moving forward as far as women’s empowerment on the web and gender-responsive ICT policy processes were concerned. The need to build capacity, raise awareness and set realistic, time-bound targets and indicators to measure progress were deemed critical.
Challenges in policymaking with policymakers in most parts of Africa range from the deeply rooted patriarchal nature of our social relations to limited insights, skills, and capacity on gender, which means that engaging them takes time. Policy advocacy initiatives targeting particular areas of policy concerns affecting women must be backed by evidence-based research. The imperativeness of engaging women in policymaking spaces is yielding substantial fruits in Uganda, as many of the trainees are doing substantial work in their respective capacities, advancing the status of women locally, nationally, and internationally.
Moses Owiny attended the 2017 Forum on Internet Freedom in Africa (FIFAfrica) with the support of a grant from the APC Member Exchange and Travel Fund (METF).
Photo: Female participants from Uganda and South Africa in the 2016 editions of gigX and AfriSIG in Durban, South Africa.
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